قوات الدفاع الفضائي الروسية
| Russian Aerospace Defence Forces | |
|---|---|
خطأ في إنشاء صورة مصغرة: الملف مفقود Aerospace Defence Forces medium emblem  Aerospace Defence Forces great emblem | |
| نشطة | 1 December 2011–1 August 2015 |
| البلد | Russia |
| الولاء | Ministry of Defence |
| النوع | Aerospace Defence |
| تواريخ هامة | 4 October (Space Forces Day) 12 August (يوم القوات الجوية) |
قوات الدفاع الفضائي الروسية أو VKO[1] (روسية: Войска воздушно-космической обороны, النطق Voyska Vozdushno-Kosmicheskoy Oborony[2] كانت فرعاً في القوات المسلحة الروسية responsible for aerospace defence, and the operation of Russian military satellites and the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. It was established on the 1 December 2011 and replaced the Russian Space Forces.[3] The VKO was first commanded by former Space Forces commander Colonel General Oleg Ostapenko, who was promoted to Deputy Minister of Defence in November 2012.[4][5] On 24 December 2012, Aleksandr Golovko was appointed the new commander.[6] Although it is officially translated as aerospace in English,[7] it covers both attacks from the air and from (outer) space, and some Russian writers translate it as "air and space" instead.[4][8]
On the 1 August 2015, the Russian Air Force and the Russian Aerospace Defence Forces were merged to form the Russian Aerospace Forces.[9][10]
The Russian Aerospace Defence Forces duties are now with the Russian Space Forces under the umbrella of the new Russian Aerospace Forces.
تاريخ
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التنظيم
انظر أيضاً
الهامش
- ^ Войска воздушно-космической обороны (in Russian). Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Войска Воздушно-космической обороны заступают на боевое дежурство в РФ (in Russian). RIA Novosti. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Russia's Aerospace Defense Forces go on duty to stave off missile threats". RIA Novosti. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ أ ب "Russia creates Air and Space Defense Forces". russianforces.org. 1 December 2011. Retrieved 25 December 2011.
- ^ "Oleg Ostapenko". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d. Retrieved 4 February 2012.
- ^ "New commander of the Air and Space Defense Forces". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. 24 December 2012. Retrieved 29 December 2012.
- ^ "Structure". Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation. n.d. Retrieved 6 February 2012.
- ^ Stukalin, Alexander (May 2012). "Russian Air and Space Defense Troops: Gaping Holes". Moscow Defense Brief. Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies. 2012 (2).
- ^ Aerospace Forces
- ^ http://ria.ru/defense_safety/20150803/1160022393.html
خطأ استشهاد: الوسم <ref> ذو الاسم "praz" المُعرّف في <references> غير مستخدم في النص السابق.
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| مناطق عسكرية سابقة | |
| مناطق عسكرية حالية | |
| أساطيل البحرية الروسية | |
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| مستقلة | |
| ادارات في وزارة الدفاع | |
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