1320
► | قرن 13 | << قرن 14 >> | قرن 15 | ◄
► | عقد 1290 | عقد 1300 | عقد 1310 | << عقد 1320 >> | عقد 1330 | عقد 1340 | عقد 1350 | ◄
► | ► | 1315 | 1316 | 1317 | 1318 | 1319 | << 1320 >> | 1321 | 1322 | 1323 | 1324 | 1325 | ◄ | ◄
تحويل 1-1-1320م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | تحويل 31-12-1320م الى هجري (وصلة خارجية) | ابحث في الموسوعة عن مواضيع متعلقة بسنة 1320
| ألفية: | الألفية 2 |
|---|---|
| قرون: | القرن 13 – القرن 14 – القرن 15 |
| عقود: | عقد 1290 عقد 1300 عقد 1310 – عقد 1320 – عقد 1330 عقد 1340 عقد 1350 |
| سنين: | 1317 1318 1319 – 1320 – 1321 1322 1323 |
Władysław I, King of Poland from 1320
| 1320 حسب الموضوع | |
| الفنون والعلوم | |
| العمارة - الفن | |
| السياسة | |
| زعماء الدول - الدول ذات السيادة | |
| تصنيفات المواليد والوفيات | |
| المواليد - الوفيات | |
| تصنيفات التأسيسات والانحلالات | |
| التأسيسات - الانحلالات | |
| الفن والأدب | |
| 1320 في الشعر | |
| التقويم الگريگوري | 1320 MCCCXX |
| آب أوربه كونديتا | 2073 |
| التقويم الأرمني | 769 ԹՎ ՉԿԹ |
| التقويم الآشوري | 6070 |
| التقويم البهائي | −524 – −523 |
| التقويم البنغالي | 727 |
| التقويم الأمازيغي | 2270 |
| سنة العهد الإنگليزي | 13 Edw. 2 – 14 Edw. 2 |
| التقويم البوذي | 1864 |
| التقويم البورمي | 682 |
| التقويم البيزنطي | 6828–6829 |
| التقويم الصيني | 己未年 (التراب الماعز) 4016 أو 3956 — إلى — 庚申年 (المعدن القرد) 4017 أو 3957 |
| التقويم القبطي | 1036–1037 |
| التقويم الديسكوردي | 2486 |
| التقويم الإثيوپي | 1312–1313 |
| التقويم العبري | 5080–5081 |
| التقاويم الهندوسية | |
| - ڤيكرام سامڤات | 1376–1377 |
| - شاكا سامڤات | 1242–1243 |
| - كالي يوگا | 4421–4422 |
| تقويم الهولوسين | 11320 |
| تقويم الإگبو | 320–321 |
| التقويم الإيراني | 698–699 |
| التقويم الهجري | 719–720 |
| التقويم الياباني | Gen'ō 2 (元応２年) |
| تقويم جوچى | N/A |
| التقويم اليوليوسي | 1320 MCCCXX |
| التقويم الكوري | 3653 |
| تقويم مينگوو | 592 قبل جمهورية الصين 民前592年 |
| التقويم الشمسي التايلندي | 1863 |
Year 1320 (MCCCXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
أحداث
January – March
- January 5 – Henry III, Count of Gorizia, arrives in Padua as the Imperial Vicar with a large army, promising protection to the Italian city state.
- January 20 – Duke Władysław I Łokietek ("Ladislaus the Short") becomes king of a reunited Poland, after receiving the approval from Pope John XXII. He is crowned, along with his wife Jadwiga of Kalisz, at the royal cathedral on Wawel Hill at Kraków. Wladysław's kingdom is surrounded by three hostile neighbors: Brandenburg, the Teutonic Order and Bohemia. Looking for allies, he makes an alliance with Charles I, ruler of Hungary.
- February 15 – Pope John XXII grants a mandate to the Archbishop of York, William Melton, to order restitution of confiscated Knights Templar property in England to the Knights Hospitaller.[1]
- February 18 – Walter de Stapledon, Bishop of Exeter, becomes the new Lord High Treasurer of England.
- March 1 – Emperor Renzong of Yuan (China), the Mongol leader Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, dies after a reign of almost nine years.
- March 20 (Easter Sunday) – Shepherds' Crusade (Le Pastoureaux): In France, a large group of common people band together in Normandy to begin a crusade, after a teenage shepherd says he was visited by the Holy Spirit.[2] They march south to Aquitaine, attacking castles, royal officials, priests and lepers along the way. Jewish communes are attacked at Saintes, Cahors, Verdun-sur-Garonne, Albi and Toulouse. When they finally cross into Spain, Aragonese forces under Prince Alfonso halt their advance.
April – June
- April 6 – Declaration of Arbroath: King Robert the Bruce sends a letter to Pope John XXII. He asks him to recognize Scottish sovereignty, and Robert's right to be ruler of Scotland, hoping that he will lift the excommunication order under which Robert is being held for the death of John Comyn III.[3][4]
- April 19 – Gegeen Khan (Prince Shidibala) becomes the new Mongol Emperor Yingzong of the Yuan dynasty of China after the death of his father, Emperor Renzong, on March 1.
- May 29 – Pope John VIII of Alexandria, leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, dies in Egypt after a reign of 20 years. He will be succeeded by Pope John IX
- June 4 – King Edward II of England appoints Lord Pembroke as keeper of the realm before traveling to France.[5]
- June 18 – Treaty of Baena: Sultan Ismail I of Granada signs an 8-year truce with Castile at Baena. King James II of Aragon, who receives papal authorization and funds for a crusade against the Emirate of Granada refuses to accept the treaty. Both parties promise to aid one another against their respective enemies. Meanwhile, Ismail consolidates the territories formally under his control with the emirate.[6]
- June 19 – Shepherds' Crusade: Unnerved by the prospect of the arrival of the shepherds at Avignon to begin a crusade, Pope John XXII orders their dispersal.
July – September
- July – Shepherds' Crusade: Many followers are arrested and executed, after which there are no further incidents and the crusade disperses.[7]
- July 6 –To strengthen the alliance between Hungary and Poland, and with the approval of Pope John XXII, Charles I of Hungary marries Princess Elizabeth of Poland, the 15-year-old daughter King Wladyslaw I.[8]
- July 9 – In India's Delhi Sultanate, Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah is murdered by his favourite, Khusrau Khan, who succeeds him on the throne.[9]
- August 4 – William II de Soules confesses to treason before the Scottish Parliament at a hearing at the "Black Parliament" session held at Scone. For the crime of conspiring against King Robert, Soules is sentenced to life imprisonment at Dumbarton Castle.
- September 5 – Delhi's Sultan Khusrau Khan, who betrayed and murdered Qutbuddin Shah earlier in the year to become ruler in India, is himself betrayed and murdered by his governor, Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, who founds Delhi's Tughlaq dynasty. Sultan Ghiyath appoints military governors in Punjab and Sindh province, who manage to halt Mongol incursions towards the sultanate.[9]
- September 9 – Battle of Saint George: Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen defeat the army of the Principality of Achaea, securing the possession of Arcadia. During the battle, Latin commander Bartholomew II Ghisi is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to Constantinople.[10][11]
- September 28 – Pope John IX of Alexandria is elected as the new spiritual leader of the Coptic Orthodox Church, succeeding Pope John VIII.
- September 1320 - Sripada Sri Vallabha, incarnation of Lord Datta, is born in Pithapur, Andhra Pradesh.
October – December
- October 12 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, who was co-ruler of Byzantium, becomes the sole ruler upon the death of his son Michael IX Palaiologos. Michael's son Andronikos begins a rebellion against his grandfather emperor six months later.
- October 27 – Magnus Birgersson, who had been the crown prince of Sweden until his father, King Birger was forced to flee, is beheaded by order of King Magnus Eriksson. Magnus had defended the Stegeborg Castle in 1318 to allow his father to flee to safety. When the castle surrendered, it was under the condition that Magnus would not be harmed.[12]
مجهولة التاريخ
- غياث الدين تغلق يؤسس أسرة تغلق حكام سلطنة دلهي.
- ترسانة البندقية يعاد بناؤها، as the Arsenal Nuovo.
- حملة الرعاة الصليبية الثانية تبدأ.
- Dante's Quaestio de Aqua et Terra is published.
- In England many horses die of a disease called "Ffarsine".[13]
- الحاكم البيزنطي في المورة، Andronikos Asen، captures the Frankish castles of Akova، Karytaina and St. George, securing control over Arcadia and Cynuria.
- Autumn – Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen capture the Latin castles of Akova and Karytaina. They secure control over Arcadia and Cynuria in the Peloponnese.[14]
- Battle of Rhodes: The Knights Hospitaller defeat an attempt by the Turks of Menteshe to capture Rhodes. During the battle, a Turkish invasion fleet (some 80 ships) is destroyed by a smaller Hospitaller-Genoese fleet.[15]
- The Venetian Arsenal, a dockyard for naval ships, is rebuilt, known as the Arsenale Nuovo.
- Henri de Mondeville, French surgeon and physician, writes La Chirurgie, the first textbook on surgery by a Frenchmen.
- Approximate date – Earliest likely date for first permanent settlement of New Zealand by Māori people.[16]
مواليد
- February 9 – Catherine of Austria, German noblewoman (d. 1349)
- April 8 – Peter I the Cruel, king of Portugal (d. 1367)
- May 25 – Toghon Temür (Emperor Huizong), Mongol emperor (d. 1370)
- October 13 – Perenelle Flamel, French female alchemist (d. 1397)
مجهولة التاريخ
- شمس الدين أبو عبد الله الخليلي، فلكي عربي (ت. 1380)
- نسيم من خيرونا، Talmudist and authority in Jewish law (ت. 1380)
- Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan، إمبراطور أسرة يوان (ت. 1370)
- Adalbertus Ranconis de Ericinio, Czech philosopher (d. 1388)
- Averardo de Medici, Italian nobleman (d. 1363)
- Beatrice of Bourbon, queen consort of Bohemia (d. 1383)
- Bertrand du Guesclin, Breton knight and general (d. 1380)
- Blanka of Namur, queen of Norway and Sweden (d.1363)
- Chen Youliang, Chinese founder of Chen Han (d. 1363)[17]
- Constantine Harmenopoulos, Byzantine judge (d. 1385)[18]
- Gabriele Adorno, Genoese nobleman and doge (d. 1383)
- Galeazzo II, Italian nobleman (House of Visconti) (d. 1378)
- Isabella, Scottish noblewoman (House of Stuart) (d. 1389)
- Jan of Czarnków, Polish nobleman and diplomat (d. 1387)
- John Mohun V, English nobleman and knight (d. 1376)
- John Twenge, English preacher, canon and prior (d. 1379)
- Kitabatake Akinobu, Japanese nobleman (kuge) (d. 1380)
- Lalleshwari (Lal Ded), Indian mystic and poet (d. 1392)
- Louis I, king of Naples (Capetian House of Anjou) (d. 1362)
- Michael Panaretos, Byzantine historian and writer (d. 1390)
- Neil Loring, English knight and diplomat (d. 1386)
- Nicholas Szécsi, Hungarian nobleman and knight (d. 1387)[19]
- Nicodemus of Tismana, Byzantine monk and writer (d. 1406)
- Nijō Yoshimoto, Japanese nobleman and waka poet (d. 1388)
- Nissim of Gerona, Spanish talmudist and scholar (d. 1380)
- Otto the Tarantine, German nobleman and prince (d. 1398)
- Ragibagh Khan (Tianshun), Mongol emperor (d. 1328)
- Siemowit III, Polish nobleman (House of Piast) (d. 1381)
- Ugolino Gonzaga, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1362)
- Valdemar IV Atterdag, King of Denmark (d.1375)
وفيات
- January 12 – John Dalderby, English bishop and chancellor[20]
- January 21 – Árni Helgason, Icelandic cleric and bishop (b. 1260)
- February 7 – Jan Muskata, Polish bishop and chancellor (b. 1250)
- March 1 – Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Mongol emperor (b. 1285)
- March 21 – Wernher von Homberg, Swiss nobleman and knight[21]
- April 13 – Margaret of Castello, Italian nun and teacher (b. 1287)
- April 24 – Abu Said Faraj, Nasrid advisor and governor (b. 1248)
- May 2 – Joan Butler (Joan FitzGerald), Irish noblewoman (b. 1281)
- 29 مايو - يوأنس الثامن (بابا الإسكندرية)، البابا القبطي.
- June 5 – Peter of Aspelt, German priest, chancellor and archbishop
- July 9 – Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah, Indian ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
- July 27 – Heinrich von Plötzke, German knight and marshal (b. 1264)
- 12 أكتوبر - ميخائيل التاسع پلايولوگوس، الامبراطور المشارك البيزنطي (و. 1277)
- October 31 – Ricold of Monte Croce, Italian missionary and writer[22]
مجهولة التاريخ
- Alessandro Novello, Italian bishop and inquisitor (b. 1250)
- Anna Palaiologina, Byzantine princess and queen consort
- Antonius Andreas, Spanish monk and theologian (b. 1280)
- Arnaud d'Aux, French bishop and cardinal-bishop (b. 1270)
- Bernard Délicieux, French monk, prior and priest (b. 1260)
- Chosgi Odsir, Mongol monk, translator and writer (b. 1260)
- Dominic II Rátót, Hungarian nobleman, knight and palatine
- Geoffrey of Paris, French monk, chronicler and historian
- Henri de Mondeville, French surgeon and physician
- Henry II, Margrave of Brandenburg-Stendal ("Henry the Child"), 12, ruler of Brandenburg
- Ilbasan, Mongol ruler (House of Borjigin)
- Li Kan (Zhong Bin), Chinese official and painter
- Mojs II Ákos, Hungarian nobleman and rebel leader
- Nicholas de Balscote, English judge and chancellor
- Olivier III de Clisson, Breton nobleman and co-ruler
- Radulphus Brito, French grammarian and philosopher
- Robert de Welles, English nobleman and landowner[23]
- Roger de Mowbray, Scottish nobleman and landowner
- William III, Burgundian nobleman and knight (b. 1280)
- Yasa'ur, Mongol nobleman, prince and general (b. 1289)
- قطب الدين مبارك شاه، آخر حاكم خلجي على الهند.
- نزاري القهستاني، أديب ومتصوف من إيران.
المراجع
- ^ J. Michael Jefferson, The Templar Estates in Lincolnshire, 1185-1565: Agriculture and Economy (Boydell Press, 2020) p.167
- ^ "Shepherds' Crusade, Second (1320)", by Gary Dickson, in The Crusades to the Holy Land: The Essential Reference Guide, ed. by Alan V. Murray (ABC-CLIO, 2015) pp.218-219
- ^ Scott, Ronald McNair (1999). Robert the Bruce: King of Scots, p. 197. Canongate Books. ISBN 978-0-86241-616-4.
- ^ McLean, Iain (2005). State of the Union: Unionism and the Alternatives in the United Kingdom Since 1707, p. 247. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-925820-8.
- ^ James Conway Davies, The Baronial Opposition to Edward II Its Character and Policy: A Study in Administrative History (Cambridge University Press, 1918) p.439
- ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 147. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
- ^ Malcolm Barber (1981). "The Pastoureaux of 1320". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 32 (2) pp. 143–166.
- ^ Brzezinski, Richard (1990). History of Poland: The Piast Dynasty, pp. 24–25. ISBN 83-7212-019-6.
- ^ أ ب Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 157. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
- ^ Bon, Antoine (1969). La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologiques sur la principauté d'Achaïe, p. 202. [The Frankish Morea. Historical, Topographic and Archaeological Studies on the Principality of Achaea] (in French). Paris: De Boccard. OCLC 869621129.
- ^ Ravegnano, Giorgio (2000). "GHISI, Bartolomeo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 54: Ghiselli-Gimma (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
- ^ "Magnus Birgersson", by Hans Gillingstam, in Svenskt biografiskt lexikon (Riksarkivet, 1982)
- ^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
- ^ Topping, Peter (1975). "The Morea, 1311–1364". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, p. 117. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Luttrell, Anthony (1975). "The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421". In Setton, Kenneth M.; Hazard, Harry W. (eds.). A History of the Crusades, Volume III: The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, pp. 288–289. Madison and London: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN 0-299-06670-3.
- ^ Walters, Richard; Buckley, Hallie; Jacomb, Chris; Matisoo-Smith, Elizabeth (2017-10-07). "Mass Migration and the Polynesian Settlement of New Zealand". Journal of World Prehistory. 30 (4): 351–376. doi:10.1007/s10963-017-9110-y.
- ^ Dreyer, Edward (1982). Early Ming China: A Political History. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-1105-4.
- ^ Fögen, Marie Theres (1991). "Harmenopoulos, Constantine". In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, p. 902. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- ^ Marko, Laszlo (2006). The High Officers of the Hungarian State from Saint Stephen to the Present Days – A Biographical Encyclopedia (2nd edition), p. 253. Budapest; ISBN 963-547-085-1.
- ^ Childs, Wendy R. (February 3, 2005). Vita Edwardi Secundi (in الإنجليزية). Clarendon Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-19-151530-9.
- ^ Friedrich Wilhelm Barthold. "Minnelieder des Grafen Wernher von Homberg" in: Der Römerzug König Heinrichs von Lützelburg, pp. 72–80. Vol. 2. (1831)
- ^ Jackson, Peter (2016). The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410, p. 176. Pearson Education Ltd. ISBN 0-582-36896-0.
- ^ Doyle, J. W. E. (1886). The Official Baronage of England: Showing the Succession, Dignities, and Offices of Every Peer from 1066 to 1885, with Sixteen Hundred Illustrations (Vol. 3). Longmans, Green.
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