قالب:Solar System Infobox/Sun
| |
| بيانات المراقبة | |
|---|---|
| Mean distance from Earth |
1.496×108 km 8 min 19 s at light speed |
| Visual brightness (V) | −26.74 [1] |
| Absolute magnitude | 4.83 [1] |
| Spectral classification | G2V |
| Metallicity | Z = 0.0177 [2] |
| Angular size | 31.6′ – 32.7′ [3] |
| Adjectives | solar |
| Orbital characteristics | |
| Mean distance from Milky Way core |
~2.5×1017 km 26000 light-years |
| Galactic period | (2.25–2.50)×108 a |
| Velocity | ~220 km/s (orbit around the center of the Galaxy) ~20 km/s (relative to average velocity of other stars in stellar neighborhood) 396.5±3.0 km/s[4] (relative to the cosmic microwave background) |
| الخصائص الفيزيائية | |
| Mean diameter | 1.392×106 km [1] 109 × الأرض |
| Equatorial radius | 6.955×105 km [5] 109 × Earth[5] |
| Equatorial circumference | 4.379×106 km [5] 109 × Earth[5] |
| Flattening | 9×10−6 |
| Surface area | 6.0877×1012 km2 [5] 11990 × Earth[5] |
| Volume | 1.412×1018 km3 [5] 1300000 × Earth |
| Mass | 1.9891×1030 kg [1] 332900 × Earth[5] |
| Average density | 1.408×103 kg/m3 [1][5][6] |
| Different Densities | Core: 1.5×105 kg/m3 lower Photosphere: 2×10−4 kg/m3 lower Chromosphere: 5×10−6 kg/m3 Avg. Corona: 1×10−12 kg/m3 [7] |
| Equatorial surface gravity | 274.0 m/s2 [1] 27.94 g 28 × Earth[5] |
| Escape velocity (from the surface) |
617.7 km/s [5] 55 × Earth[5] |
| Temperature of core |
~15.7×106 K [1] |
| Temperature of surface (effective) |
5778 K [1] |
| Temperature of corona |
~5×106 K |
| Luminosity (Lsol) | 3.846×1026 W [1] ~3.75×1028 lm ~98 lm/W efficacy |
| Mean Intensity (Isol) | 2.009×107 W·m−2·sr−1 |
| خصائص الدوران | |
| Obliquity | 7.25° [1] (to the ecliptic) 67.23° (to the galactic plane) |
| Right ascension of North pole[8] |
286.13° 19h 4min 30s |
| Declination of North pole |
+63.87° 63°52' North |
| Sidereal rotation period (at equator) |
25.05 days [1] |
| (at 16° latitude) | 25.38 days [1] 25d 9h 7min 13s [8] |
| (at poles) | 34.3 days [1] |
| Rotation velocity (at equator) |
7.189×103 km/h [5] |
| Photospheric composition (by mass) | |
| هيدروجين | 73.46%[9] |
| هيليوم | 24.85% |
| أكسجين | 0.77% |
| كربون | 0.29% |
| حديد | 0.16% |
| كبريت | 0.12% |
| نيون | 0.12% |
| نيتروجين | 0.09% |
| سليكون | 0.07% |
| مغنسيوم | 0.05% |
المراجع
- ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش Williams, D.R. (2004). "Sun Fact Sheet". NASA. Retrieved 2009-06-23.
- ^ قالب:Cite arxiv
- ^ "Eclipse 99: Frequently Asked Questions". NASA.
- ^ Kogut, A. (1993). "Dipole Anisotropy in the COBE Differential Microwave Radiometers First-Year Sky Maps". Astrophysical Journal. 419: 1–6. doi:10.1086/173453. قالب:ArXiv.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ أ ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Sun: Facts & Figures". NASA. Archived from the original on 2008-01-02.
- ^ Elert, G. (ed.). "The Physics Factbook".
- ^ "Principles of Spectroscopy". University of Michigan: Astronomy Departement. 2007.
- ^ أ ب Seidelmann, P. K.; Abalakin, V.K.; Bursa, M.; Davies, M.E.; de Bergh, C.; Lieske, J.H.; Oberst, J.; Simon, J.L.; Standish, E.M.; Stooke, P.; Thomas, P.C. (2000). "Report Of The IAU/IAG Working Group On Cartographic Coordinates And Rotational Elements Of The Planets And Satellites: 2000". Retrieved 2006-03-22.
- ^ "The Sun's Vital Statistics". Stanford Solar Center. Retrieved 2008-07-29., citing Eddy, J. (1979). A New Sun: The Solar Results From Skylab. ناسا. p. 37. NASA SP-402.