مورطانيا القيصرية

Provincia Mauretania Caesariensis
Provincia Mauretania Caesariensis
مقاطعة الإمبراطورية الرومانية
42–القرن السابع
	; مقاطعة ورمطانيا القيصرية داخل الامبراطورية الرومانية، ح. 120 م.
العاصمة	قيصرية
التاريخ
العصر التاريخي	العتيق الكلاسيكي
• Established	42
• الفتح الإسلامي	القرن السابع
سبقها	تلاها
	Mauretania
	Vandal Kingdom
Vandal Kingdom
Umayyad Caliphate
اليوم جزء من	الجزائر

مورطانيا القيصرية Mauretania Caesariensis، كانت مقاطعة رومانية تقع في شمال غرب أفريقيا. وكانت أكثر المقاطعات الرومانية شرقاً في شمال أفريقيا، في الجزائر المعاصرة، وكانت عاصمتها قيصرية (وعلى اسمها سميت المقاطعة؛ من بين مدن كثيرة سميت على اسم الكنية الامبراطورية الذي أصبح لقباً)، شرشال حالياً.

The province had been part of the Kingdom of Mauretania and named for the Mauri people who lived there. Formerly an independent kingdom, and later a client state of Rome, it was annexed into the Empire formally during the reign of Claudius and divided into two provinces about 42 AD. A third province, named Mauretania Sitifensis, was later split off from the eastern portion during the reign of Diocletian in 293 AD. During and after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century, most of the hinterland area was lost, first to the Vandal Kingdom and later to the Mauro-Roman Kingdom, with Roman administration limited to the capital of Caesarea. The land was reconquered by Rome during the reign of Justinian. This province was a part of Praetorian prefecture of Africa, later Exarchate of Africa. The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb brought an end to Roman rule in Mauretania, permanently this time, which became ruled by the Umayyad Caliphate as part of Medieval Muslim Algeria.

التاريخ

الإمبراطورية الرومانية في عهد هادريان (حكم 117-138م)، توضح، في شمال غرب أفريقيا، مقاطعة مورطانيا القيصرية الرومانية (الجزائر).

شمال أفريقيا تحت الحكم الروماني.

In the middle of the 1st century, Roman emperor Claudius divided the westernmost Roman province in Africa, named Mauretania ('land of the Mauri', hence the word Moors), into Mauretania Caesariensis (named after its capital, Caesarea in Mauretania, one of many cities named Caesarea after the imperial cognomen that had become a title) and Mauretania Tingitana.

Mauretania Caesariensis included eight colonies founded by the Emperor Augustus: قرتينة، Gunugus, Igilgili, Rusguniae, Rusazus, Saldae, Zuccabar, Tubusuctu; two by the Emperor Claudius: Caesarea in Mauretania, formerly the capital of Juba II, who gave it this name in honour of his patron Augustus, and Oppidum Novum; one by the Emperor Nerva: Setifis; and in later times, Arsenaria, Bida, Siga, Aquae Calidae, Quiza Xenitana, Rusucurru, Auzia, Gilva, Icosium and Tipasa in all 21 well-known colonies, besides several municipia and oppida Latina.

Under Diocletian's Tetrarchy reform, the easternmost part was broken off from Mauretania Caesariensis as a separate small province, Mauretania Sitifensis, called after its inland capital Setifis (now Sétif) with a significant port at Saldae (presently Béjaïa).^[1]

At the time of Diocletian and Constantine the Great, both Sitifensis and Caesariensis were assigned to the administrative Diocese of Africa, under the Praetorian prefecture of Italy. Tingitana belonged to the Diocese of Hispania under the Praetorian prefecture of Gaul, so it was an enclave separate from the European territory of the Diocese and Prefecture it belonged to.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, a Germanic Vandal Kingdom was founded, but the remaining Eastern Empire (now known to historians as the Byzantine Empire) recaptured the area around 533. Most of Mauretania Caesariensis remained under the control of local Moorish rulers such as Mastigas, and it was not until the 560s and 570s that Byzantine control was established inland.

During the reign of Maurice, the empire was reorganized, and a number of Exarchates were founded, among them the Exarchate of Africa, which included Mauretania, among other territories. Mauretania Sitifensis was re-merged back into this province and granted the name "Mauretania Prima."

The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb for the caliphate under the Umayyad dynasty meant the end of the Byzantine Exarchate of Africa and Late Antique Roman culture there, and Mauretania Caesariensis became part of the westernmost Islamic province called Maghreb.^{[بحاجة لمصدر]}

الاقتصاد

Mosaic of vineyard workers from Caesarea

The principal exports from Caesariensis were purple dyes and valuable woods; and the Amazigh or Mauri were highly regarded by the Romans as soldiers, especially light cavalry. They produced one of Trajan's best generals, Lusius Quietus, and the emperor Macrinus.

Ruins of the Roman town of Cuicul in Djemila

الدين

الكراسي الرسولية

Ala Miliaria
Albulae
Altava (ولد ميمون، حجر الروم)
Amaura
Ambia (near Hammam-Bou-Hanifia)
Aquae in Mauretania
Aquae Sirenses (ruins at Hammam-Bou-Hanifia)
Arena (Bou-Saada?)
Arsennaria (Bou-Râs?)
Auzia (Aumale, Sour-Khazlam)
Bacanaria
Baliana (L'Hillil?)
Bapara (near the promontory of Ksila?)
Benepota
Bida (ruins of Djemâa-Sahridj?)
Caesarea in Mauretania
Caltadria
Capra
Caput Cilla (ruins of El-Gouéa?)
Cartennae
Castellum Ripae (ruins of Hadjar-Ouaghef?)
Castellum Tatroportus
Castellum Tingitii
Castellum Iabar
Castellum Medianum
Castellum Minus (Coléa, near Algiers)
Castra Nova
Castra Severiana (Lalla Marnia? Chanzy, Sidi-Ali-Ben-Joub?)
Catabum Castra (Saint-Aimé, Djidioua?)
Catrum
Catula (Oued Damous?)
Cenae (Kenais Islands)
Cissi
Columnata
Corniculana
Elephantaria in Mauretania (ruins at Harrach)
Fallaba (Djelfa?)
Fidoloma
Flenucleta
Floriana (Letourneux, Derrag?)
Flumenzer (Bou Medfa)
Fronta
Giru Mons (ruins of Yerroum?)
Gratianopolis
Gunugus (Sidi-Brahim)
Gypsaria (Honeïn)
Ida in Mauretania
Igilgilli (in the valley of Bou-Sellam?)
Iomnium (Tzigiri)
Ita
Iunca in Mauretania
Lamdia
Lari Castellum (Imilaën)
Maiuca
Malliana
Manaccenser (in the region of Cherchell)
Masuccaba
Maturba
Maura (Douelt-Zerga?)
Mauriana
Maxita (in the region of Al-Asnam?)
Media
Mina (ruins near Rezilane)
Muteci (near Aïn-El-Anab?)
Nabala
Nasbinca
Noba
Novica (ruins of Aïn-Nouïssy?)
Numida (in the territory of Amoura)
Obbi
Obori
Oppidum Novum
Panatoria
Pomaria
Rapidum (Masqueray, Sour-Djouab)
Regiae (Arbal)
Reperi
Rusada
Rusguniae
Rusubbicari
Rusubisir (in the territory of Tiza)
Rusuccuru
Satafi
Sereddeli
Serta
Sesta
Sfasferia
Siccesi (ruins of Takembrit)
Sinnada in Mauretania (ruins of Kenada?)
Sita (in the west of the province
Subbar
Sufar
Sufasar
Summula
Tabaicara
Tabla (Tablat?, Tablast?)
Taborenta (ruins near Saida?)
Tabunia
Tamada (Aïn-Tamda near Masqueray?)
Tamazuca (ruins of Grimidi?)
Tanaramusa (Mousaïaville, El-Hadjeab? Berrouaghia?)
Tasaccora (Sigi)
Tatilti
Tigamibena
Tigava
Tigisi in Mauretania (between Dellys and Taourga)
Timici (Timsionin?)
Timidana
Tingaria (Tiaret?)
Tipasa in Mauretania
Tubia (ruins of Henchir-Toubia?)
Tubunae in Mauretania
Turris in Mauretania
Tuscamia
Ubaba
Usinaza (Seneg)
Vagal (near the ruins of Sidi-Ben-Thiour)
Vanariona (ruins of Ksar-Tyr?)
Vannida
Vardimissa (near Medjana)
Villa Nova
Vissalsa (on the Oued-Melah river?)
Voncaria (ruins of Boghar?)
Voncariana (near the ruins of Boghasi?)
Vulturia (ruins at the Falco promontory?)
Zucchabar

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

^ "Map of Mauretania Sitifensis (in blue color) and Mauretania Caesariensis (in light brown color)". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-10-11.

المراجع

Westermann, Großer Atlas zur Weltgschichte (بالألمانية)

الكلمات الدالة:

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[1] "Map of Mauretania Sitifensis (in blue color) and Mauretania Caesariensis (in light brown color)". Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. Retrieved 2017-10-11.

[1]