اللغات الهندية الآرية

Indo-Aryan
Indic
Geographic distribution	—
Linguistic classification	الهندو-اوروپية Indo-Iranian Indo-Aryan
Subdivisions	North-Western Zone Northern Zone (incl. some Hindi) Central Zone (incl. some Hindi) Eastern Zone (incl. some Hindi) Southern Zone Insular Indo-Aryan
ISO 639-2 / 5	inc
Geographical distribution of the major Indo-Aryan languages (Urdu is not shown because it is mainly a lingua franca with no prevalence as a first language. Outside of the scope of the map is the migratory Romani language).

 تصنيف

المقالة الرئيسية: List of Indo-Aryan languages

Indo-Aryan languages, grouping according to SIL Ethnologue:

  Central zone

  Northern zone

  Northwestern zone

  Eastern zone

  Southern zone

  Insular (Southern)

 اللغات الهندو- أوربية

• الهندو- أوربية الكوردية القديمة
• الهندو - آرية الكوردية الحديثة
• الآريــة القديمة اللهجات الكوردية

 اللغات القبتاريخية

• الهندو- اُربية البدائية
• التوجارية الانضولية البلطيقية السلافية الجرمانية
• الفريجية الارمينية السلتية الإيطالية
• السلينية التريشن اليديا البانيــة
• الهندو- آريـة

 الهندو-آرية

• القزوينية الآرية القديمة الهندية الدردية
• التاتية
• التاليشية المازندرانية السنسكريتية
• الكيلانية
• الآرية القديمة
• البشتونية البلوجية السنديانية الفارسية القديمة

 الفارسية الوسطى

• الكوردية القديمة
• الفارسية الحديثة
• الكوردية القديمة

 اللهجات الزاكروسية

 البهلوية الكوردية الوسطى الآفيستائية

• الكوردية الحديثة
• الكوردية الحديثة

• الكورمانجية الشمالية الكورمانجية الشرقية الكورمانجية الجنوبية
• الكورمانجية المنعزلة الكورمانجية الوسطى
• الكورمانجية الشمالية البهدنانية اللهجات
• الكورمانجية الشرقية الهورامية اللهجات
• الكورمانجية الجنوبية الفيلية اللهجات
• الكورمانجية المنعزلة اللهجات
• الكورمانجية الوسطى السورانية اللهجات
• الكورمانجية الشمالية

 اللهجات البهدنانية

• البايزيدية الهكارية البوتانية
• الشمدينانية البهدنانية المركزية اللهجة الغربية
• الكورمانجية الشرقية
• اللهجات الهورامية
• الهورامية الغربية الهورامية الشرقية
• الكورمانجية الجنوبية
• اللهجات الفيلية
• الشبكية البختيارية اللورية المركزية الفيلية المركزية

الباجلانية الكوردلية اللكية الكلهورية

الشوهانية البايراوية الكورانية الاصلية الملكشاهية

الاركوازية المامسانية الكوهكلوية الهماوندية

الكرمنشاهية الايلامية الخانقينية المندلاوية الكورمانجية المنعزلة الزازائية الشكاكية

 الكورمانجية الوسطى

• اللهجات السورانية
• الموكريانية السورانية المركزية الاردلانية
• السليمانية الكرميانية

 علم الأصوات الكلامية

 الحروف الساكنة

 Stop positions

[], [], [], [], []	Hindi, Punjabi, Dogri, Sindhi, Gujarati, Bihari,Maithili, Sinhalese, Oriya, Standard Bengali, dialects of Rajasthani (except Lamani, NW. Marwari, S. Mewari)
[], [], [], [], []	Nepali, E. and N. dialects of Bengali (Dacca, Maimansing, Rajshahi), dialects of Rajasthani (Lamani and NW. Marwari), Northern Lahnda's Kagani, Kumauni, many West Pahari dialects (not Chamba Mandeali, Jaunsari, or Sirmauri)
[], [], [], [], [], []	Marathi, Konkani, certain W. Pahari dialects (Bhadrawahi, Bhalesi, Padari, Simla, Satlej, maybe Kulu), Kashmiri
[], [], [], [], [], [], []	Shina, Bashkarik, Gawarbati, Phalura, Kalasha, Khowar, Shumashti, Kanyawali, Pashai
[], [], [], []	Rajasthani's S. Mewari
[], [], []	Assamese
[], [], [], []	Romani
[], []	Chittagonian

 الرسوم البيانية

The following are consonant systems of major and representative New Indo-Aryan languages, as presented in Masica (1991:106–107), though here they are in IPA. Parentheses indicate those consonants found only in loanwords: square brackets indicate those with "very low functional load". The arrangement is roughly geographical.

Romani [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Shina [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] : [] [] [] []	Kashmiri [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []
Siraiki [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Punjabi [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Nepali [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Marwari [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Hindi/Urdu [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Assamese p t k b d g [] [] [] [] [] [] m n ŋ s x z [] [] [w]
Bengali [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Gujarati [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Marathi [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Oriya [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []	Sinhalese [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] [] []

 انظر أيضاً

• List of Indo-Aryan languages
• Indo-Aryans
• Indo-Iranians
• Indo-Aryan migration
• Proto-Vedic Continuity
• The family of Brahmic scripts
• Linguistic history of India
• Indo-Aryan loanwords in Tamil

 المصادر

• John Beames, A comparative grammar of the modern Aryan languages of India: to wit, Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi, Gujarati, Marathi, Oriya, and Bangali. Londinii: Trübner, 1872-1879. 3 vols.
• Cardona, George; Jain, Dhanesh, eds. (2003), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-77294-5, http://books.google.com/books?id=jPR2OlbTbdkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages .
• Madhav Deshpande (1979). Sociolinguistic attitudes in India: An historical reconstruction. Ann Arbor: Karoma Publishers. ISBN 0-89720-007-1, ISBN 0-89720-008-X (pbk).
• Chakrabarti,Byomkes (1994). A comparative study of Santali and Bengali. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 81-7074-128-9
• Erdosy, George. (1995). The Indo-Aryans of ancient South Asia: Language, material culture and ethnicity. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-014447-6.
• Kobayashi, Masato.; & George Cardona (2004). Historical phonology of old Indo-Aryan consonants. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies. ISBN 4-87297-894-3.
• Masica, Colin (1991), The Indo-Aryan Languages, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-29944-2, http://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&printsec=frontcover&dq=indo-aryan+languages .
• Misra, Satya Swarup. (1980). Fresh light on Indo-European classification and chronology. Varanasi: Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan.
• Misra, Satya Swarup. (1991–1993). The Old-Indo-Aryan, a historical & comparative grammar (Vols. 1-2). Varanasi: Ashutosh Prakashan Sansthan.
• Sen, Sukumar. (1995). Syntactic studies of Indo-Aryan languages. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Foreign Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
• Vacek, Jaroslav. (1976). The sibilants in Old Indo-Aryan: A contribution to the history of a linguistic area. Prague: Charles University.

 وصلات خارجية

• The Indo Aryan languages, 10-25-2009
• Transliteration of Indic Languages & Scripts (Anthony Stone)
• Survey of the syntax of the modern Indo-Aryan languages (Rajesh Bhatt), February 7, 2003.