كڤن رد

(تم التحويل من كيفن رود)
لمعلومات عن the rugby league player، انظر Kevin Rudd (rugby league).
صاحب السمو المبجل

كڤن رد
Kevin Rudd

AC
Image of Kevin Rudd
الپورتريه الرسمي، 2023
سفير أستراليا رقم 23 لدى الولايات المتحدة
تولى المنصب
20 March 2023
رئيس الوزراءأنتوني ألبانيز
الحاكم العامQuentin Bryce
سبقهArthur Sinodinos
رئيس وزراء أستراليا رقم 26
في المنصب
3 ديسمبر 2007 – 24 يونيو 2010
العاهلإليزابث الثانية
النائبجوليا گيلارد
الحاكم العامMichael Jeffery
Quentin Bryce
سبقهجون هوارد
خلـَفهجوليا گيلارد
زعيم حزب العمال
في المنصب
26 يونيو 2013 – 13 سبتمبر 2013
النائبأنطوني ألبانيز
سبقهجوليا گيلارد
خلـَفهبيل شورتن
في المنصب
4 ديسمبر 2006 – 24 يونيو 2010
Deputyجوليا گيلارد
سبقهكيم بيزلي
خلـَفهجوليا گيلارد
وزير الشئون الخارجية
في المنصب
14 سبتمبر 2010 – 22 فبراير 2012
رئيس الوزراءجوليا گيلارد
سبقهستفن سميث
خلـَفهبوب كار
زعيم المعارضة
في المنصب
4 ديسمبر 2006 – 3 ديسمبر 2007
النائبجوليا گيلارد
سبقهكيم بيزلي
خلـَفهبرندان نلسون
عضو البرلمان الأسترالي
عن {{{constituency_عضو البرلمان}}}
في المنصب
3 أكتوبر 1998 – 22 نوفمبر 2013
سبقهGraeme McDougall
خلـَفهتري بتلر
9th رئيس كومنولث الأمم
في المنصب
27 يونيو 2013 – 18 سبتمبر 2013
الرئيسإليزابث الثانية
سبقهجوليا گيلارد
خلـَفهتوني أبوت
تفاصيل شخصية
وُلِد
كڤن مايكل رد

21 سبتمبر 1957 (العمر 68 سنة)
نامبور، كوينزلاند، أستراليا
الحزبالعمال
الزوج
​
(m. 1981)​
الأنجال3
التعليمMarist College Ashgrove
ثانوية ولاية نامور
المدرسة الأمالجامعة الوطنية الأسترالية
الوظيفةرئيس منظمة
(المعهد الدولي للسلام)
المهنةدبلوماسي
سياسي
التوقيع
الموقع الإلكترونيالموقع الرسمي
Kevin Rudd official portrait.jpg هذا المقال جزء من
سلسلة مقالات عن
كڤن رد

رئيس وزراء أستراليا

الفترة 1

الفترة الثانية

Government of Australia

كڤن مايكل رد (و. 21 سبتمبر 1957)، هو سياسي أسترالي سابق وكان رئيس وزراء أستراليا رقم 26، خدم من ديسمبر 2007 حتى يونيو 2010 ومرة أخرى من يونيو إلى سبتمبر 2013. وكان زعيم حزب العمال الأسترالي.

وُلد في نامبور، كوينزلاند. درس الدراسات الصينية في الجامعة الوطنية الأسترالية، ويتحدث المندرينية بطلاقة. قبل دخوله الحياة السياسية، عمل دبلوماسي، موظف سياسي، وموظف مدني. أُانتخب رد لعضوية مجلس النواب في انتخابات 1998، في تقسيم گريفيث. شارك في وزارة الظل عام 2001 حيث كان وزيراً للشئون الخارجية. في ديسمبر 2006، خلف كيم بيزلي ليصبح زعيم حزب العمال (ومن ثم زعيم المعارضة). في عهد رد، تفوق حزب العمال على حكومة التحالف الشاغرة بقيادة جون هوارد في استطلاعات الرأي، بعد إدلائه بعدد من التصريحات السياسية في التعليم، الصحة، العلاقات الصناعية، وتغير المناخ.

فاز حزب العمال في انتخابات 2007 بالأغلبية الساحقة، بفارق 23 مقعد. شهدت حكومة رد الأولى على التوقيع على پروتوكول كيوتو والاعتذار للشعوب الأصلية في أستراليا عن الأجيال المفقودة. وشملت سياساتها التوقيع على الشبكة الوطنية للنطاق العريض، ثورة التعليم الرقي، وبناء ثورة التعليم. قدمت الحكومة حزم تحفيز اقتصادية كاستجابة للأزمة المالية العالمية، وكانت أستراليا واحدة من البلدان الأكثر نموا التي نجحت في تجنب كساد أواخر عقد 2000.

By 2010, Rudd's leadership had faltered due to a loss of support among the Labor caucus and failure to pass key legislation like the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme. He resigned as prime minister in June 2010 after his deputy Julia Gillard challenged him in a leadership spill. He was replaced by Gillard as prime minister, who later appointed him as Minister for Foreign Affairs in her government. Leadership tensions between Rudd and Gillard continued, leading to Rudd resigning as Foreign Minister in February 2012 to unsuccessfully challenge her for the leadership of the party. After further leadership speculation, Rudd defeated Gillard in a final leadership ballot in June 2013, becoming prime minister for the second time. However, Labor were defeated in the 2013 election, ending his second term after only two months.

Rudd retired from parliament following the election, but he has stayed active in political discourse and academia, completing a DPhil at Jesus College, Oxford, in 2022. He has been involved in a number of international organizations, advocating for issues such as China–United States relations and Australian media diversity. He was appointed as Australia's Ambassador to the U.S. by the Albanese government in March 2023.

النشأة والتعليم

Rudd is of English and Irish descent.[3] His father's great-grandparents were English: Thomas Rudd and Mary Cable. Thomas had been convicted of stealing a bag of sugar, arriving in NSW on board the Earl Cornwallis in 1801.[4] Mary had been sentenced to transportation for stealing a bolt of cloth, arriving in the colony in 1804.[5] His mother's grandparents, Owen Cashin and Hannah Maher, who were both born in Ireland, met and married in Brisbane in 1887.[6]

Rudd was born in Nambour, Queensland, to Albert ("Bert") and Margaret (née DeVere) Rudd, the youngest son of four children, and grew up on a dairy farm in nearby Eumundi.[7][8] At an early age (5–7), he contracted rheumatic fever and spent a considerable time at home convalescing. It damaged his heart, in particular the valves, for which he has thus far had two aortic valve replacement surgeries, but this was discovered only some 12 years later.[9] Farm life, which required the use of horses and guns, is where he developed his lifelong love of horse riding and shooting clay targets.[10] He attended Eumundi State School.[11]

When Rudd was 11, his father, a share farmer and Country Party member, died. Rudd states that the family was required to leave the farm amidst financial difficulty between two and three weeks after the death, though the family of the landowner states that the Rudds didn't have to leave for almost six months.[12] Following this traumatic childhood and despite familial connections with the Country Party, Rudd joined the Australian Labor Party in 1972 at the age of 15.[13]

Rudd boarded at Marist College Ashgrove in Brisbane,[14] although these years were not happy due to the indignity of poverty and reliance on charity; he was known to be a "charity case" due to his father's sudden death. He has since described the school as "tough, harsh, unforgiving, institutional Catholicism of the old school".[9] Two years later, after she retrained as a nurse, Rudd's mother moved the family to Nambour, and Rudd rebuilt his standing through study and scholastic application[9] and was dux of Nambour State High School in 1974.[15] In that year, he was also the state winner of the "Youth Speaks for Australia" public speaking competition sponsored by the Jaycees.[16] His future Treasurer Wayne Swan attended the same school at the same time, although they did not know each other as Swan was three years ahead.[15]

Rudd studied at the Australian National University in Canberra, where he resided at Burgmann College and graduated with Bachelor of Arts (Asian Studies) with First-Class Honours. He majored in Chinese language and Chinese history, and became proficient in Mandarin. His Chinese name is Lù Kèwén (الصينية المبسطة: 陆克文; الصينية التقليدية: 陸克文).[17] Rudd completed his BA in 1978, deferring his honours component for a year during which time he took a study trip to Taiwan. He also volunteered as a research assistant with the Zadok Institute for Christianity and at a St Vincent de Paul drug rehabilitation centre.[18]

Rudd's thesis on Chinese democracy activist Wei Jingsheng[19] was supervised by Pierre Ryckmans, the eminent Belgian-Australian sinologist.[20] During his studies, Rudd did housecleaning for political commentator Laurie Oakes to earn extra money.[21] In 1980 he continued his Chinese studies at the Mandarin Training Center of National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei, Taiwan. Delivering the 2008 Gough Whitlam Lecture at the University of Sydney on The Reforming Centre of Australian Politics, Rudd praised the former Labor Prime Minister for implementing educational reforms, saying he was:

... a kid who lived Gough Whitlam's dream that every child should have a desk with a lamp on it where he or she could study. A kid whose mum told him after the 1972 election that it might just now be possible for the likes of him to go to university. A kid from the country of no particular means and of no political pedigree who could therefore dream that one day he could make a contribution to our national political life.[22]

السيرة الدبلوماسية المبكرة

Rudd joined the Department of Foreign Affairs in 1981 as a graduate trainee. His first posting was as Third Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Stockholm from November 1981 to December 1983 where he organised an Australian film festival, represented Australia at the Stockholm Conference on Acidification of the Environment, and reported on Soviet gas pipelines and European energy security.[23][صفحة مطلوبة] In 1984, Rudd was appointed Second Secretary at the Australian Embassy in Beijing, and promoted to First Secretary in 1985, where he was responsible for analysing Politburo politics, economic reform, arms control and human rights under Ross Garnaut, David Irvine and Geoff Raby.[23][صفحة مطلوبة] He returned to Canberra in 1987 and was assigned to the Policy Planning Branch, then the Staffing Policy Section, and was selected to serve as the Office of National Assessments Liaison Officer at the Australian High Commission in London commencing in 1989 but declined.[24]

دخول معترك السياسة

عضوية البرلمان (1998–2007)

وزارة الظل (2001–06)

كڤن رد عام 2005



زعيم المعارضة (2006–07)

كڤن رد (يمين) وجوليا گيلارد (يسار) في مؤتمرهم الصحفي الأول كزعيم للمعارضة ونائب لزعيم حزب العمال الأسترالي، 4 ديسمبر 2006.


استطلاع الرأي حول الحزبين المفضلين أثناء حكومة هوارد؛ أصبح رد زعيماً لحزب العمال في ديسمبر 2006.


عيد العمال 2007. من اليسار إلى اليمين: Anna Bligh (then Deputy Premier of Queensland)، نيكولاس ابن رد، كڤن رد وگريس گريس (then general secretary of the Queensland Council of Unions).



انتخابات 2007

المقالة الرئيسية: الانتخابات الفدرالية الأسترالية 2007
الحملة الانتخابية لكڤن رد مع كري ريا في بنر، 21 سبتمبر 2007.



رئاسة الوزاراء الأولى (2007–10)

المقالة الرئيسية: حكومة رد (2007–10)
Two-party-preferred polling during the term of the Rudd government. See also: Australian federal election, 2010#Polling.




السياسات الداخلية

البيئة

الأجيال المسروقة

رد على شاشة التلفزيون في ميدان الفدرالية، ملبرون، يعتذر إلى الأجيال المسروقة.
المقالة الرئيسية: الأجيال المسروقة

As the parliament's first order of business, on 13 February 2008, Rudd gave a national apology to Indigenous Australians for the stolen generations. The apology, for the policies of successive parliaments and governments, passed unanimously as a motion by both houses of parliament.[25] Rudd pledged the government to bridging the gap between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australian health, education and living conditions, and in a way that respects their rights to self-determination.[26] During meetings held in December 2007 and March 2008 the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) adopted six targets to improve the wellbeing of Indigenous Australians over the next five to twenty years. As of 2016, there have been eight Closing the Gap Reports presented to Parliament, providing data in areas that previously had none and updates on progress.[27]

Since leaving politics, Rudd has established the Australian National Apology Foundation, as foreshadowed in his final speech to Parliament,[28] to continue to promote reconciliation and closing the gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians.[29] He has contributed $100,000 to the Foundation and to kickstart fundraising for a National Apology Chair at the Australian National University.[30]

الاقتصاد

انظر أيضاً: الميزانية الفدرالية الأسترالية 2008 and الميزانية الفدرالية الأسترالية 2009
Kevin Rudd (back row, fourth from right) at the G-20 Leaders Summit on Financial Markets and the World Economy.




قمة أستراليا 2020

Labor MPs Nick Champion, Mike Rann, Rudd and Tony Piccolo in Gawler for the Tour Down Under in 2010.


العلاقات الاقتصادية

التعليم

الهجرة

الضرائب

الرعاية الصحية

الأسرة

المعاقون

الشئون الخارجية

أراضي الهادي

العراق

أفغانستان

المواقف السياسية

الأمة

رد (يسار) والرئيس الأمريكي جورج دبليو بوش (يمين) يلتقيان في APEC Australia 2007في سيدني.
رد (يسار) والرئيس الأمريكي باراك أوباما )(يمين) يلتقيان في واشنطن دي سي.



المجتمع

الاستقالة

انتخابات 2010

الشعبية والتقييم

Bronze bust at the Prime Minister's Avenue in the Ballarat Botanical Gardens

Rudd maintained long periods of popularity in opinion polls during his initial tenure as prime minister for his management of the 2008 financial crisis and his well renowned apology to the Indigenous community,[31][32][33] achieving some of the highest approval ratings for an Australian prime minister on record during the height of the 2008 financial crisis.[34][35] However, he would see a rapid decrease in popularity after his failed handling of legislative negotiations, ultimately leading to the demise of his premiership. The circumstances of his removal from office have remained controversial; his supporters have decried the undemocratic nature of his ousting, while critics have accused him of an autocratic and flawed leadership style.[36][37][38][39] He is often ranked in the middle-to-lower tier of Australian prime ministers.[40][41][42]

وزير الخارجية (2010–2012)

Rudd with the Australian Defence Force in Pakistan, August 2010

Prime Minister Julia Gillard appointed Rudd as Minister for Foreign Affairs in Cabinet on 14 September 2010.[43][44] He represented Gillard at a UN General Assembly meeting in September 2010.[45]

WikiLeaks, in 2010, published material about Kevin Rudd's term as prime minister, included United States diplomatic cables leak. As foreign minister, Rudd denounced publishing classified documents by WikiLeaks. The Australian media reported that references to Rudd in the cables included frank discussions between Rudd and US officials about China and Afghanistan. This included negative assessments of some of Rudd's foreign policy initiatives and leadership style, written in confidence for the US Government by the US Embassy staff in Australia.[46][47][48]

Before his first visit to Israel as foreign minister, Rudd stated Israel should be subject to International Atomic Energy Agency inspection. Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman rejected the call.[49][50]

Following the 2011 Egyptian revolution and resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, Rudd called for "constitutional reform and a clear timetable towards free and fair elections".[51]

In response to the 2011 Libyan civil war, Rudd announced in early March 2011, the international community should enforce a no-fly zone, as the "lesser of two evils". The US officials in Canberra sought clarification on what the Australian Government was proposing. Gillard said the United Nations Security Council should consider a full range of alternatives, and that Australia was not planning to send forces to enforce a no-fly zone.[52]

Rudd with United States Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in September 2010

Following the devastating 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan, Rudd announced after talking with Japanese Foreign Minister Takeaki Matsumoto, he had offered Australian field hospitals and disaster victim identification teams to help with recovery. Rudd also said he had offered Australian atomic expertise and sought urgent briefings following an explosion at a nuclear plant.[53] Rudd announced his resignation as foreign minister on 22 February 2012, citing Gillard's failure to counter character attacks launched by Simon Crean and "other faceless men" as his reasons. Speaking to the press, Rudd explained that he considered Gillard's silence as evidence that she no longer supported him, and therefore he could not continue in office. "I can only serve as Foreign Minister if I have the confidence of Prime Minister Gillard and her senior ministers," he said.[54][55][56]

Rudd resigned as the Minister for Foreign Affairs followed heated speculation about a possible leadership spill. Craig Emerson temporarily replaced Rudd as Minister for Foreign Affairs, until Senator Bob Carr became Minister for Foreign Affairs on 13 March 2012.[57]

توترات الزعامة

رئاسة الوزراء الثانية (2013)

المقالة الرئيسية: حكومة رد (2013)
رد يؤدي اليمين كرئيس للوزراء في 27 يونيو 2013.


انتخابات 2013

المقالة الرئيسية: الانتخابات الفدرالية الأسترالية 2013


ما بعد رئاسة الوزراء (2013–الحاضر)

Rudd at an event held at Chatham House in London during 2015

الاستقالة من البرلمان

On 13 November 2013, Rudd announced that he would soon resign from Parliament.[58] In his valedictory speech to the House of Representatives, Rudd expressed his attachment to his community but said he wanted to dedicate more time to his family and minimise disruption to House proceedings.[28][59] Rudd submitted his resignation in writing to the Speaker, Bronwyn Bishop, on 22 November 2013, formally ending his parliamentary career.[60] Terri Butler was selected to run for the Labor Party at the resulting by-election in the electorate of Griffith to be held on 8 February 2014.[61] Rudd offered Butler his support and advice, and campaigned with her in a low-key appearance on 11 January 2014.[62][63] Butler ultimately succeeded Rudd in the seat.[64]

الأدوار الدولية

Rudd with U.S. Secretary of State Antony Blinken in May 2022

In early 2014, Rudd left Australia to work in the United States, where he was appointed a Senior Fellow at the Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs in Cambridge, Massachusetts, where he completed a major research effort on the future of US-China relations.[65] Through 2014 Rudd joined the Center for Strategic and International Studies as a distinguished statesman,[66] and was appointed a distinguished fellow at both the Paulson Institute at the University of Chicago, Illinois[67] and Chatham House, London.[68]

In September of that year, he was appointed Chair of the Independent Commission on Multilateralism at the International Peace Institute in Vienna, Austria,[69] and in October became the first president of the Asia Society Policy Institute in New York City.[70]

On 5 November 2015, Rudd was appointed to chair Sanitation and Water For All, a global partnership to achieve universal access to drinking water and adequate sanitation.[71] He has also actively contributed to the World Economic Forum's Global Agenda Council on China.[72] Rudd is also a member of the Berggruen Institute's 21st Century Council.[73] On 21 October 2016, he was awarded an honorary professorship at Peking University.[74]

In 2016, Rudd asked the Government of Australia (then a government of the Liberal-National Coalition) to nominate him for Secretary-General of the United Nations. At its meeting on 28 July, the Cabinet was divided on his suitability for the role and, on that basis, Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull decided to decline the request; since nomination by the Australian government was considered a necessary prerequisite for candidacy, Turnbull's decision essentially ended Rudd's campaign;[75][76][77] Rudd later confirmed as much.[78] However, there remains dispute over what if any earlier assurances Turnbull may have given to Rudd and about what happened in the Cabinet meeting.[79][80][81]

Rudd is also a member of the Global Leadership Foundation, a non-profit organisation comprising a network of former heads of state or government.[82][83]

Academic

In 2017, Rudd began studying for a doctorate on Xi Jinping at Jesus College, Oxford.[84] In 2022, Rudd was conferred with a Doctorate of Philosophy from the University of Oxford. In his thesis, titled "China's new Marxist nationalism: defining Xi Jinping's ideological worldview",[85] Rudd argues that Xi has adopted a more Marxist political and economic approach to government and that will have negative consequences for economic growth and China as a whole.[86]

Ambassador to the United States

Rudd was appointed as Australia's ambassador to the U.S. by prime minister Anthony Albanese in March 2023.

In late 2022, there were calls for Rudd to be appointed as the next Australian Ambassador to the United States.[87] On 20 December 2022, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Minister for Foreign Affairs Penny Wong announced that Rudd would be appointed as the 23rd Ambassador of Australia to the United States in early 2023, succeeding Arthur Sinodinos.[88] Rudd assumed the position on 20 March 2023.[89]

In March 2024, Rudd was criticised by former US president Donald Trump, who labelled him "nasty" and indicated that he would be removed as ambassador to the US should Trump win the 2024 presidential election. Rudd had previously been highly critical of Trump during his first presidency.[90][91] Penny Wong later clarified that Rudd would stay on as ambassador even in the result of Trump winning the election.[92]

In the role, Rudd has been a vocal advocate for AUKUS security partnership, urging American decision makers to implement its promise of technology sharing.[93] While it was hoped he might defuse tension between the United States and China in the role, Rudd has become a blunt critic of China's expansionism.[94]

Writings

Rudd at the book launch for the first volume of his autobiography at Bulimba State School, October 2017

Rudd has authored several books. While prime minister, he co-authored a children's book with entertainer Rhys Muldoon, Jasper & Abby and the Great Australia Day Kerfuffle, which was published in 2010.[95] In October 2017, Rudd launched the first volume of his autobiography, entitled Not for the Faint-hearted: A Personal Reflection on Life, Politics and Purpose, which chronicles his life until becoming prime minister in 2007.[96] The following year, he published the second volume of his autobiography, The PM Years, which covers his prime ministership, the events leading to his removal, and his subsequent return to the position in 2013.[97]

In March 2021, Rudd published The Case for Courage as part of Monash University Publishing's In the National Interest series. The book details Rupert Murdoch's domination of the Australian media landscape and poses ideas for how the Labor Party can ensure longevity in office.[98] His next book, The Avoidable War, focuses on the bilateral relationship between the United States and China and how the two nations can avoid conflict.[99]

Personal life

Rudd and his wife Thérèse Rein in February 2018

In 1981, Rudd married Thérèse Rein whom he had met at a gathering of the Australian Student Christian Movement during his university years. Both were residents at Burgmann College during their first year of university.[100] Rudd and Rein have three children.[101][102] Rudd is a supporter of the Brisbane Lions.[103]

In 2011, Rudd won a tea-making competition in a competition to create Twinings' Australian Afternoon variety and announced that the proceeds from the sales of this blend will be donated to the RSPCA.[104] In 2016, Twinings stopped donating the proceeds from the sales of this tea variety to the RSPCA.[105]

Religion

Rudd and his family attend the Anglican church of St John the Baptist in Bulimba in his electorate. Although raised a Roman Catholic, Rudd was actively involved in the Evangelical Union while studying at the Australian National University,[106] and he began attending Anglican services in the 1980s with his wife.[13] In December 2009, Rudd attended a Catholic Mass to commemorate the canonisation of Mary MacKillop at which he received Holy Communion. Rudd's actions provoked criticism and debate among both political and religious circles.[107] A report by The Australian quoted that Rudd embraced Anglicanism but at the same time did not formally renounce his Catholic faith.[108]

Rudd was a mainstay of the parliamentary prayer group in Parliament House, Canberra.[109] He has been vocal about his Christianity and has given a number of prominent interviews to the Australian religious press on the topic.[110] Rudd has defended church representatives engaging with policy debates, particularly with respect to WorkChoices legislation, climate change, global poverty, therapeutic cloning, and asylum seekers.[111] In 2003, he described himself as "an old-fashioned Christian socialist".[112][113] In a 2006 essay in The Monthly,[111] he argued:

A [truly] Christian perspective on contemporary policy debates may not prevail. It must nonetheless be argued. And once heard, it must be weighed, together with other arguments from different philosophical traditions, in a fully contestable secular polity. A Christian perspective, informed by a social gospel or Christian socialist tradition, should not be rejected contemptuously by secular politicians as if these views are an unwelcome intrusion into the political sphere. If the churches are barred from participating in the great debates about the values that ultimately underpin our society, our economy and our polity, then we have reached a very strange place indeed.

He cites Dietrich Bonhoeffer as a personal inspiration in this regard.[114]

When in Canberra, Rudd and Rein worshipped at St John the Baptist Church, Reid, where they were married.[9] Rudd often did a "door stop" interview for the media when leaving the church yard.[115]

Health

In 1993, Rudd underwent a cardiac valve transplant operation (Ross procedure), receiving a cadaveric aortic valve replacement for rheumatic heart disease.[116] In 2011, Rudd underwent a second cardiac valve transplant operation,[117] making a full recovery from the surgery.[118][119]

Published works

ڤيديو خارجي
After Words interview with Rudd on The Avoidable War, April 10, 2022, C-SPAN
  • Rudd, Kevin (2009). Building on ASEAN's Success: Towards an Asia Pacific Community. Singapore: ISEAS Publishing. ISBN 978-9812308719.[120]
  • Rudd, Kevin (2017). Not for the Faint-hearted: A Personal Reflection on Life, Politics and Purpose. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. ISBN 9781743534830.
  • Rudd, Kevin (2018). The PM Years. Sydney: Pan Macmillan Australia. ISBN 9781760556686.
  • Rudd, Kevin (2021). The Case for Courage. Melbourne: Monash University Publishing. ISBN 9781922464156.
  • Rudd, Kevin (2022). The Avoidable War: The Dangers of a Catastrophic Conflict between the US and Xi Jinping's China. PublicAffairs. ISBN 978-1541701298.
  • Rudd, Kevin (2024). On Xi Jinping: How Xi's Marxist Nationalism is Shaping China and the World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0197766033.

انظر أيضاً

المصادر

  1. ^ Rudd, Kevin (8 May 2005). "Kevin Rudd: The God Factor". Compass (Interview). Interviewed by Geraldine Doogue. ABC1. I come from a long history of people who have spoken about the relevance of their faith to their political beliefs, on our side of politics going back. I mean here in Queensland Andrew Fisher was the Labor Prime Minister from this State. Andrew Fisher was a Christian Socialist. He taught Presbyterian Sunday School. He in turn came out of the stable of Keir Hardie who was himself a Presbyterian Sunday School teacher who founded the British Labour Party in the 1890s and was the first British Labour member of parliament. There's a long tradition associated with this; currently called the Christian Socialist Movement. And it's a worldwide network of people. The fact that you don't often hear from us in this country, well it's open for others to answer. I'm a relatively recent arrival. But I think, I think given what's happening on the political right in this country, what's happening on the political right in America, it's important that people on the centre-left of politics begin to argue a different perspective from within the Christian tradition. {{cite interview}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |subjectlink= (help)
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المراجع

وصلات خارجية

برلمان أستراليا
سبقه
گرام مكدوگل 		النائب عن گرفث
1998–2013 		تبعه
تري بتلر
مناصب سياسية
سبقه
كيم بيزلي 		زعيم المعارضة
2006–2007 		تبعه
برندان نلسون
سبقه
جون وارد 		رئيس وزراء إستراليا
2007–2010 		تبعه
جوليا گيلارد
سبقه
ستيفن سميث 		وزير الشئون الخارجية
2010–2012 		تبعه
بوب كار
سبقه
جوليا گيلارد 		رئيس وزراء أستراليا
2013 		تبعه
توني أبوت
مناصب حزبية
سبقه
كيم بيزلي 		زعيم حزب العمال الأسترالي
2006–2010 		تبعه
جوليا گيلارد
سبقه
جوليا گيلارد 		زعيم حزب العمال الأستراليا
2013 		تبعه
بيل شورتن
مناصب دبلوماسية
سبقه
جوليا گيلارد 		زعيم كومنولث الأمم
2013 		تبعه
توني أبوت
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